Managing the Asian Meltdown Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Managing the Asian Meltdown - Case Study Example As a result of the country developing as a major industrial nation, the country begun to receive pressure from other economic powers in relation to liberalizing its economy (Corning 3). The labor, on the other hand benefited from Korea’s developmental state by mainly improving the Chaebol businesses and privileges for the labor unions. The Chaebol amassed more assets, which they used as collaterals to secure loans. In addition, the expansion in terms of development during the 1980s, created a favorable environment for labor and guaranteed a lifetime employment (Corning 3). The collapse of the Hanbo Steel was significant in the sense that it contributed to the collapse of other four group companies, and almost brought down the Korea First. Further, the collapse of the Hanbo Steel was significant in terms of revealing the problems that existed with the Korea’s financial system (Corning 3). On another note, the term â€Å"connected lending† in this context, means the focus by the Korean banks on lending loans for expansion to the Chaebol without considering the financial risk of accumulating bad loans. The country’s current account deficit increased inn 1996 as a result of a slowdown in exports. The government and investor’s view of the country’s economic development revolved around a lack of questioning the economic model (Corning 4). Further, the term â€Å"Asian contagion† means the spread of tensions related to the economic crises that caused investors to explore other financial markets. Korea’s initial position in regard to the assistance from IMF involved a focus on improving the depreciating won that was sending investors away to other financial markets(Corning 5). The person who contributed to the IMF-brokered bailout was Michel Camdessus, and the funds were to be used to replenish the country’s foreign-currency reserves so as to improve the

Eco architecture and culture Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8250 words

Eco architecture and culture - Dissertation Example 11 3.5 What was the cultural effect on those communities that chose not to live above ground? 12 3.6 Why are some cultures still driven to living underground? 13 3.7 What are the main types of underground homes? 13 3.8 Why are underground homes still popular in certain countries and civilisations? 15 3.9 What is the modern day attraction to creating underground homes in the developed world? 17 3.10 How has modern technology influenced our perception of underground homes? 18 3.11 How has modern day thinking influenced our perception of underground homes? 19 3.12 How do modern day underground homes compare with the original? 20 3.13 How do modern day underground homes influence modern day cultural development? 20 3.14 The cultural effect of global warming 21 3.15 Underground homes and eco architecture. Differences and similarities 21 3.16 What is the way forward? 22 3.17 How today cultural development influences living underground? 22 4. Discussion on literature 23 5. Conclusion 23 6. Recommendations 24 Bibliography 25 Critical Bibliography 26 Abstract The return of living underground, as a social phenomenon, can be characterized rather as expected. The continuous increase of population in cities would have normally such outcome, either in the short or the long term. At the same time, the limitation of energy sources worldwide has promoted another trend: the alignment of architecture with the rules of sustainability. Indeed, the last decade, eco – architecture, as this trend is known, has rapidly expanded worldwide strongly affecting the social, economic and cultural framework of each country. The effects of eco-architecture on culture are discussed in this study. Emphasis is given on a particular aspect of eco-architecture: underground living. This is because underground homes have become popular, offering an effective alternative for those who are interested in promoting sustainability. It is proved that eco-architecture can interact with culture but und er certain terms. Moreover, the relationship between eco-architecture and culture is not standardized; it can be strong or weak, depending on the level at which eco-architects are free to promote architectural projects which can highly affect the cultural characteristics of a particular region. 1. Overview 1.1 Research Objectives The objectives of this study could be described as follows: a) to identify the key characteristics of eco-architecture, b) to check whether eco-architecture is able to interact with culture and at which level; C) to identify the reasons for which people had initially chosen to live underground but also the reasons for which they decided to move to buildings above the ground; d) to compare the quality of underground homes, as compared to conventional homes; e) to check whether modern thinking can affect the views of people in regard to eco-architecture and living underground and f) to estimate, as possible, the expansion of underground homes, as a trend, in the future. 1.2 Value of the topic Living underground has been a common practice in the early years of human history. Still, the rapid development of technology and the changes in the structure and the principles of societies have led to the need for different forms of living. Moving above ground has been a critical point for the history of humans. It seems that the above transition has been highly promoted by culture. For similar reasons, a different trend has recently appeared: living undergroun

The perfect aspect of the English language Research Paper

The perfect aspect of the English language - Research Paper Example The research took a total of five sources to come up with its findings. Below is a brief description of the five sources. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax is an online journal that talks about the principles and procedures by which English sentences are constructed. Noam Chomsky is the person responsible for coming up with the journal. Bidirectional Interpretation of Tense and Aspect is also an online journal that describes an application of theory of contextual interpretation of English tense and aspect. Stephen Pulman and James Thomas are responsible for coming up with the journal. Grammatical Aspect in English and Kurdish is a journal regarding the formal properties of English language. The journal states that English aspects refer to tenses and moods in the English language. The journal was written by Saza Ahmed Fakhrie. Understanding English Language Learners’ is also an online journal that talks of the aspects of the English language. Alicja Rieger is the person responsib le for writing the journal. Aspect in English, on the other hand, is a book that presents a precise approach to one of the most contentious problems in English. According to the book, aspect is the result of a faint and complex interaction between nouns in a sentence and the referents of verbs. In linguistics, the perfect refers to a blend of aspect and tense. Grammar or perfect calls a viewer’s attention to the consequences, at some moment of perception, caused by a prior condition, rather than just to the condition itself. The moment of perception is set by the tense of the helping verb (Smith 4). The aspect and the tense are usually combined into a sole tense-aspect form. This is the past perfect also referred to as the pluperfect, the present perfect, or the future perfect (Thomas 2). The perfect is different from the perfective that marks a condition as a single event, with no inner structure. An English sentence in the perfect aspect cannot be in the perfective. The perfect can talk about events in the past that have been completed, for instance â€Å"He has already taken his dinner†. The perfect can also talk about events that are continuous, for instance â€Å"He had been working on this story for a whole year† as well as â€Å"He has composed operas for two decades†. All these sentences are described by continual relevance to the narrator at the moment of perspective. The perfect contrasts with the prospective. The prospective encodes an anticipation of a future event or present relevance event. The perfect is a relatively uniform group of cross-linguists. However, its relation to the experiential and resultative aspects is difficult. The last two are not simply limited cases of the perfect. The perfect in English is formed by conjugating the auxiliary verb "to have" and adding the verb's past tense form. Doing words in the perfect tense can be in the passive active or voice. Active verbs join "to have" with the past tense form of the main verb ‘have done’, for example, "they have done loads of work". Passive verbs in the perfect needs at least two past participle verb forms that are "been", the past participle of "to be", as well as the past tense of the main verb "has been seen". For instance, "Allan has been seen by the physician". The joining of the verb "to have" establishes the tense of the overall construction. These can be concluded as â€Å"

Strategies for a Countrys Development

Strategies for a Countrys Development Aspects that make a country develop. Abstract. The objective of this research paper is to explain how a developing country can achieving development, explaining of the three most important aspects that contribute to development such as Economy, Technology and Education. The Economy can be improving with methods like manage resources properly, focusing on production to avoid buying from other countries or how to put people in financial positions. We can see that the only way education can improve is by completely changing the current system and implementing a system where creativity is the main feature. And lastly we will talk about the use of technology that has meant throughout history, a very important tool in development. Thanks to technology have been able to meet many needs and solve many problems. If a country remains focused on solving these situations, it will succeed in achieving development. Keywords: developing country, Technology, Education, Economy, solve problems, relation. Aspects that make a country develops. Many countries are called developing countries, these countries should found solutions for situations that dont allow full development. To consider a developed country, the needs of the inhabitants must be met and they must have a good quality of life. The most part of developing countries depends of developed countries and for this reason these countries donÂÂ ´t have a good economy, because basically all their economy goes to big countries. There are many aspects that need to be taken into account in a developing country: there are not many sources of work, that there is a high index of poor people or that their income comes mostly from the services sector. (S, S, 2015). These situations are some of those that must be solved quickly to be able to demonstrate true development. To achieve these solutions these countries should focus on three of the most important aspects that will help achieve development; improving the economy, implementing a new education system or simply try to improve the current one and focusing on technological development. Economy. A developing country should focus on improving its economy and for this it must undergo various changes. One of the aspects that must be changed is knowing how to use their own resources for production, since most of these countries depend on the production of developed countries. On the other hand, it is desirable that in these countries the people who hold the financial positions are properly chosen, because in their hands is the management of money. They must be properly prepared to keep accounts because it isnt a simple family account on the contrary is managing accounts of an entire country. Another aspect that could contribute to the economic development of a country is to improve tourism. Some developing countries have unimaginable landscapes that many people would pay to observe. A clear example is Ecuador. Much of its income is attributed to tourism. In the article Tourism generated over 1,487 million dollars for Ecuador in 2014 taken of the website Andes, (2015) it is affirmed that tourism generated 1,487 million dollars in 2014; therefore, it represents a great economic potential for the country, because it is the third source of non-oil income preceded by shrimp and other services. Improving the economy is the most important aspect in which the government of a country should focus as this could make better investments in the fields of education and technology. Education. Another way to fully achieve development is to improve the education system. Often we observe in these developing countries the same obsolete system of education that is based on memorization. Unfortunately, the following quote is completely true: Doesnt matter where you go. Youd think it would be otherwise, but it isnt. At the top are mathematics and languages, then the humanities, and at the bottom are the arts (Robinson, K, nd). In the same way, we are accustomed to living with the same system, without realizing that creativity must developing from childhood and the only method to achieve this is to completely change the system. It is necessary to implement an innovative educational system whose aim is for students to develop their creativity. According to Alexandra Ossola (2014), in her article Scientists Are More Creative Than You Might Imagine all humans have innate creativity, but to observe result, creativity must be cultivated and put into practice. We must start with ourselves for improve our own education. For example in Kambwambwa there is a case of a young innovator whose story was written by Sarah Childress (2007) in her article A Young Tinkerer Builds a Windmill, Electrifying a Nation this young man built A windmill to supply electricity to his house and his village. He did not go to school. He did not go to school but he was able to build the windmill because he educated himself. He took the fact initiative and became a hero to his people thanks to that he was innovative and used his creativity and his desire to get ahead to build something new. We must understand that education is the basis of development, if a country has a good education system over time, subject will have good professionals and they will be responsible for generating new sources of work and therefore the development process will be faster. Technology. Technology is another area that potentially helps the development of a country. Thanks to this tool it has attained meet many needs. Lets start talking about the industry, technology has played a very important role in the development of the industry and production, through the creation of new machines and devices allowing to minimize production time has been achieved undermine expenses since machines replacing workforce and therefore potentially the economy increases. Second, talk about a developed country is talk about of a country that have a good economy, a good education and a good quality of life. Throughout history, we can see how the use of technology has facilitated the lives of humans, for example, the discovery of electricity permitted a great advance in the world, thanks to this invention we have light every day, Can use all the electronic devices and this allows to develop new discoveries day by day. Another way in which technology contributes to development is communication, thanks to the technology has been able to have a communication between all the countries of the world of instantaneous way. Before, to communicate with a relative on the other side of the world had to wait weeks, even months, now, thanks to the technology with just a click we can even see our family in real time through a screen. We can see that before it was almost impossible to diagnose diseases, such as cancer or simply to know if a bone was broken, now thanks to all electronic devices the diagnosis of diseases is almost immediate. The use of X-rays, blood tests or radiation has saved too many lives, and this also means development because the goal of a developed country is to improve the quality of life of its inhabitants. Conclusion. In conclusion, it is important to be clear on the aspects that a country should focus on in order to accelerate its development. A developed country is characterized because its inhabitants have a good quality of life, for this reason, improving the economy is the first step for development, because having good income will allow investing in education and technology. We must find new methods such as the correct use of resources, and how to find people prepared to carry out the financial charges. Improving education is another path to development, if students learn with a new study vision, many changes will be achieved. Implementing creativity in classrooms is the key to training professionals with new visions and creating new sources of work and opportunities for other people. Finally, the use of technology has meant a remarkable development in many respects. This tool has been able to satisfy many needs and has been able to help all industries by creating new devices and solving var ious problems. If a country begins to solve problems that do not allow it to improve its economy,education and technology, insurance can achieve full development in all areas. References: ANDES. (15 de June de 2015). Obtenido de http://www.andes.info.ec/es/node/45718 Childress, S. (12 de december de 2007). Ayoung tinkerer builds a windmill, electrifying a nation. Obtenido de http://www.msj.com/articles/SB119742696302722641 Ossola, A. (12 de november de 2014). Scientist are more creative than you might imagine. Atlantic. Robinson, K. (s.f.). Do schools kill creativity? S, S. (2015, julio 18). Key Differences. Retrieved from http://keydifferences.edu/difference-between-developed-countries-and-developing-countries.html

Film Review of Poseidon :: essays research papers

Poseidon, directed by Wolfgang Petersen, is an action-packed adventure thriller that is loosely the remake of the 1970s movie The Poseidon Adventure. It has the same basic story idea, but has completely different characters. And although the characters end up being dull and seemingly useless, the movie is very fun and exciting to watch. It takes place on New Year’s Eve aboard the cruise ship â€Å"Poseidon.† As the guests are counting down the seconds until midnight, a very large rogue wave is spotted. It hits the cruise ship and flips the entire thing upside-down, but it remains afloat. Most of the crew and some passengers die instantly, others are badly injured, and the rest are fine with the exception of minor injuries. One man, Dylan (Josh Lucas) decides he is going to get out of the ship through the bottom, knowing the ship wasn’t meant to stay afloat upside-down. And although reluctant at first, he allows a few others to join him, including Robert (Kurt Russel) – a former mayor and firefighter, Richard (Richard Dreyfuss) – a lonely gay man, Valentin (Freddy Rodriguez) – a ship employee, and Maggie and her son (Jacinda Barrett and Jimmy Bennett). Along the way, they pick up Robert’s daughter, Jennifer (Emmy Rassum) and her fiancà © Christian (Mike Vogel), Elena (Mia Maestro) – a friend of Valentin, and Lucky Larry (Kevin Dillon) – a poker player. While trying to make it through the ship, they are faced with many obstacles. The ship is filled with water, flash fires, debris, dead bodies, and more. And time is running out, they need to make it to the bottom of the ship before the entire thing sinks. Poseidon is basically based on the same concept as The Poseidon Adventure, being that the ship gets hit by a monstrous-sized rogue wave and flips over, and people try to get out. However, there are many differences. For example, the characters are completely different – i.e.: instead of a brother and sister, it’s a girl and her fiancà ©, instead of an old couple, its two people that meet for the first time and have an attraction towards each other. And you’ll be hard pressed to find anyone on the ship the size of Shelly Winters. The characters also seem quite dull in this remake. There really is no set-up to tell us why they are on the ship or how they got there compared to the original.

Essay --

After being arrested in downtown Birmingham on a Good Friday, Reverend Martian Luther King Jr. wrote his famous letter, â€Å"A Letter From Birmingham Jail† responding to the criticism demonstrated by eight prominent white clergymen. This letter has been found important through out history because it expresses King’s feelings towards the un-just event and it is an example of a well-written argument. The author, Dr. Martian Luther King Jr., makes a statement â€Å"Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue.† He uses this concept to convey the point of the Negros hard work to negotiate the issue has failed, but now they must confront it. The March on Good Friday, 1963, 53 blacks, led by Reverend Martian Luther King, Jr., was his first physical protest to segregation laws that had taken place after several efforts to simply negotiate. The author uses several phrases that describe his nonviolent efforts and his devotion to the issue of segregation that makes the reader believe his how seriously King takes this issue. â€Å"Conversely, one has the moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws.† Dr. Martian Luther King, Jr. explains with this that an â€Å"unjust law is no law at all.† King does not feel like he has broken any laws in hi s protest against segregation. In his eyes, laws are made to protect the people, not degrade and punish. â€Å"The Negro has many pent up resentments and latent frustrations, and he must release them. So let him March.† As far as King is concerned, the Negros will continue to do whatever is necessary, preferably non-violently, to obtain the moral and legal right that is theirs. If they are not allowe... ...to jail. He was beaten and put down in jail, but he never gave up on his idea of God and never once regret they steps he took to spread the work of God, despite where he ended up. â€Å"Whether our dreams have been crushed by forces beyond our control – injustice, disaster, or the death of a love one – or we’ve shattered them ourselves through cowardice, poor judgment, moral laxity, or laziness, hope is not beyond us. Nor are we beyond hope – as long as we press on in Gods direction.† Dr. King uses this powerful statement along with several others like it to really get the point across that you need to fight for what you believe in and don’t lose hope. The process to gain desegregation of African-Americans and whites will be a fight, but they key is to follow in the line of God and keep moving forward, while pushing aside and stepping over any despair you may encounter.

In What Ways May Different Groups Of English Speakers Differ In Their Conversation Style? Essay

Question 2 In what ways may different groups of English speakers differ in their conversation style? For word restriction purposes the focus for this essay will be primarily on material from chapter one of the Open University course book 2 (CB 2) and The Open University audio cassette 3 band 3(AU3B3). It would be most interesting to look at all the different examples of different groups; unfortunately doing this would mean exceeding the word limit. Therefore the focus will be restricted to only three or four different groups. First of all it is a good idea to examine the semantics behind the phrase of â€Å"conversation style† before looking at the different groups of English speakers. â€Å"Conversation is without doubt the foundation stone of the social world – human beings learn to talk in it, find a mate with it, are socialized through it, rise in social hierarchy as a result of it, and, it is suggested, may even develop mental illness because of it.† (Beattie, 1983, p.2) 1 This is a very captivating statement and helps to sum up the incredible power that the actual word â€Å"conversation† has in the social world Due to lack of more precise materialistic evidence, it is possibly more interesting to look at â€Å"conversation style† and then briefly discuss the different styles that exist amongst social groups giving specific examples rather than focusing on one specific area only (such as gender). That would make it easier to find out if there are any resemblances amongst the different social groups and their conversation styles. The term â€Å"conversation† can be interpreted in a multiplicity of different ways. The varieties range from a formal speech (that has been pre-scripted and is just simply read out) to a casual conversation between friends. As a result of this wide range of speech types, there are great many different conversation styles present. Conversation is not necessarily simply informal talk between speakers; it can also be used in more loser terms for example to give sense of the diversity of ways in which English is used in modern society in everyday talk. Everyday talk refers to anything from political speech making to language at work. The idea of conversation is also about how people are using language to express and pursue relationships. What does â€Å"conversation style† actually mean? A â€Å"conversation† is a means of â€Å"communicating† with others. The â€Å"style† here refers to the combination of features that relate to meaning and management of conversation such as rhythm, pronunciation or intonation. The style of an individual is said to be related to his/her social background, his/her class, his/her age and/or his/her gender. There are a great variety of styles within even one particular social group. It can be said that generally each individual has his/her specific â€Å"style† of talking.2 In modern society there are a great many different groups of English speakers and they vary widely in the way that they communicate with each other or with different groups. There are many interesting investigations taking place. It would now be appealing to have a look at what sorts of investigations have been made and how these groups of English speakers differ in their conversation style There is an interesting example of how people with different socio-cultural backgrounds can differ in conversation style in CB 2. (The example being referred to is on page 17.) It is based on a study by Deborah Tannen (year unknown). A group of what primarily appear to be all Americans, however one selection comes from California, and the second from New York and there is one woman from England meet for dinner. Deborah Tannen’s first discovery was how dominant the New Yorkers were in conversation throughout their meal. They were so dominant that even the Californians picked up on how dominant they were. One of these Californian men remarked upon how the New Yorkers conversations tended to overlap a great deal more than in California that in California at least people pause between conversations. The Californians also thought that the New Yorkers tended to ask a great deal of personal questions, their response to this was just that it was â€Å"their† way of being polite. As for the English woman, the Americans found her hard to understand as her intonations were very monotonous. Deborah Tannen’s findings are parallel to other studies that have been carried out amongst other cultural groups or gender groups, as shown in the following paragraphs. Another interesting issue brought up in chapter one of CB 2 is that of gender differences. Most men appear to be under the impression that it is women who dominate in conversations. They always have the tendency of saying that women talk too much. However, recent research has found that in fact when women are amongst a mixed group of male and female members will talk less than the men. The women are also found to be less competitive and more cooperative in conversations. Women are also said to use more tag questions, intensifiers and hedges. According to research, women are the dominant compliment givers. They also tend to use rhetoric more often than men such as â€Å"What a nice dress!† It is could also be due to the way that woman are brought up, having a less dominant position in society or perhaps due to the way that men and women are in different subcultures even as children. In the latter, this could lead to misunderstandings between the sexes because of the way men and women interpret different speech behaviours. There is one particular ethnic group that fluctuates in conversation style which is the Aboriginal English group found in minority groups across Australia. Aboriginal English has been found to differ from Standard Australian English. Diane Keats researched on Aboriginal English groups in Australia and discovered that particularly in the more rural areas of Australia there were several distinctive features that were different from Standard Australian English. She found that they differed from the Standard in pronunciation, vocabulary and even actual interaction between people was different. There were even difficulties that arose when the Aboriginal groups mixed with the Standard groups. It is particularly when they communicate cross-culturally that problems and misunderstandings may occur. For example, in Aboriginal society it is natural to have frequent silences in a conversation. It is a particular sign of politeness allowing for the other person to opt their opinion. Sometimes the answer or the conversation itself even, will last over a time period of several days. There are several reasons why they are unlike the Standard Australian groups, amongst others it is due to their different ways of living. â€Å"The Aboriginal people experience much personal privacy, unlike the mainstream Australian society, through their indirect style of verbal interaction.† (CB 2, chapter one, p.28) An example of their indirect style is the use of direct questions to elicit orientation such as asking â€Å"You been to shop?† The speaker appears to demonstrate known or presumed information for conformation or rejection. They tend not to make direct requests; they rather use indirect forms if they have a specific request such as â€Å"Can you give me a lift to town?† They will ask â€Å"You going to town?† They are also very discrete about their own opinions. If they discover that they have conflicting opinions they will minimize their own opinions. There are some more typical features in the transcription of the conversation between two Aboriginal English women on AU03B2. (See Appendix A) The first thing noticeable in the transcript is the frequency in which the deletion of the letter â€Å"h† occurs. Already in the Lorina’s first line the letter has been deleted. And the way both women say â€Å"yea† instead of â€Å"yeah†. There is also a tendency for utterances to latch on to another with pausing takes place repeatedly such as when they are talking about a big frog. Their sentences are regularly incomplete und unstructured such as in the very first sentence â€Å"‘Igh school was all right, I reckon, in Bourke† this is not a grammatically correct sentence structure and an incomplete sentence at the time when Lorina says â€Å"In Weel. Yea†. This is the sort of expression a person uses when thinking and speaking simultaneously. A final aspect, other then the ones listed in the Study Guide is their use of verb tenses. For instance, when Karen says â€Å"Sit down there, never used to move.† she started a sentence in the present tense â€Å"sit† and finished in the past tense â€Å"used to†. This is interesting as this can also occur amongst Standard English speakers when talking fast. After reading the transcript, the comprehension of what the two women said, becomes easier. If the tape is listened to on its own it can be quite hard at times to understand as the pronunciations do not sound like the Standard English, whereas the transcript, with the exception of a few slightly more Aboriginal features, mirrors the Standard English much more strongly. Diane Eades research showed that there are still problems in communication style between Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal social groups in Australia that are worked on to this day. It is also interesting to briefly look at the extract on p.15 of CB 2 about the conversation between a policeman and a black man in the 1960s. This today is often considered to be a form of racism. It is intriguing to see how â€Å"bad† language was used back in the 1960s even by law enforcers. The policeman has used the typical racist term of â€Å"boy† as term of address for the black man, if the man had been white he would not have referred to him as â€Å"boy†. People, white people, â€Å"labelled† black people as trouble makers. So you were immediately categorized a criminal just if you had darker skin. It is extremely shocking that a police man would have even used name-calling to address the black man, before even knowing anything about him. If you are black then you must be evil, that has been an ideal for many people until fairly recently. However this exists to a certain extent even today, in that due to the fact that in Europe there are many black drug dealers from Northern Africa so that as soon as someone who is black shows up in a well-known drug dealing area, they are frequently then instantly questioned by the police. The way different groups of English speakers vary in their â€Å"conversation styles† is a fascinating and fairly broad topic to examine. It appears that there is no actual â€Å"Universal Standard English†. There is a world-wide (not just refined to the United States of America) multicultural mosaic/ melting pot3 of cultural groups even within a single language society which is to a certain degree trying hard to mould into a salad bowl4. An ideal solution would be a mixture of a melting pot and a salad bowl where people are still able to maintain their own cultural habits and can still communicate with other social group easily. A final point to make is that it is also important to realise how essential language is when engaging in social activities and relationships. Hence, to notice how language and society are interlinked. Language and indeed communication is used to share knowledge and experience between speakers. Communication is also about binding people together in order to allow them to negotiate joint understandings of the world. Communication has different functions in different contexts. This could be due to age difference and respect from the pupil’s part. Without language society could not exist to the same extent by which it does today. Remark: * CB 2 refers to Maybin, J. and Mercer, N.(2002) , Using English from conversation to canon, The Open University and Routledge Appendix A: * Transcription of conversation between two Aboriginal English women in Australia taken from Study Guide 2, Open University Bibliography: > Maybin, J. and Mercer, N.(2002) , Using English from conversation to canon, The Open University and Routledge > U210 Audio Cassette 3, Band 3, The Open University > Study Guide 2,U210, The Open University 1 Introduction section 1.1. p 5 in CB 2 2 Section 1.4 p 16 in Chapter 1 of CB 2 3 lots of different cultural groups living together (perhaps an ideal way of living) 4 loss of individual identity to become a uniform cultural group (cultural assimilation)