A Proposal of Metrics for Botnet Detection based on its Cooperative Behavior

The primary contribution of the penning is the proposal of terce metricals that can help direct the presence of botnets in a wide atomic number 18a network (WAN). The jutd metrics, namely relationship, response and synchronization are measured with note to the dealings over a WAN. It is untrue that the behavior of botnets will recurrently pose these metrics. The authors define relationship as the connection that exists between the bots and bot master of a botnet over one protocol. This metric tries to comment the structure of a botnets relationship by analyzing the network traffic.It is observed that the response clip to commands received by a legitimate host varies significantly while that of botnets is comparatively constant. The response cartridge holder as a metric can thus help detect botnets. As the bots present in a botnet are programmed to carry out instructions from the bot master on a predetermined basis, it is assumed that their activities will synchronize. An analysis of the network traffic can possible help post synchronized exercise between hosts, thus detective work botnets.The metrics are evaluated by analyzing traffic measured in the Asiatic Internet Interconnection Initiatives (AIII) infrastructure over a period of 24 hours. The analysis validates the metrics pro comprise as a dense topology relationship, short range of response times and synchronization of activities are detected in the presence of a botnet. The authors propose that a combination of all the metrics be use for detecting a botnet. The design of an algorithmic rule to detect botnets ground on a combination of the lead metrics has been identify as future work. thickset of IRC Traffic Analysis for Botnet DetectionThe paper addresses the line of detecting botnets by deterrent exampleing the behavior of botnets. The main idea of the paper is to analyze network traffic, model the behavior of botnets based on the analysis and use pattern recognition techniques to identify a ill-tempered behavior model as belonging to a botnet. The proposed model for detecting botnets analyses traffic that uses the IRC protocol. A traffic sniffer is used to analyze packets in the promiscuous mode. The protocol detector detects traffic using the protocol of stakes to the analysis, in this case IRC.The packets are decoded using the IRC decoder and the behavior models are built. The detection engine detects a botnet based on the behavior model. The features used to build a behavior model include features cerebrate to a linguistic analysis of the data that passes through an IRC channel in addition to the rate of bodily function in the channel. It is observed that the language used by bots has a limited vocabulary and uses many punctuation mark marks. The language used by humans is observed to have a wider mean and variance with respect to the words used in a sentence. The features used to model the behavior of botnets hare listed.The experiments have been c onducted with light data collected from chat rooms and botnet data collected at the Georgia Institute of Technology. excogitation recognition is performed using support vector machines (SVMs) and J48 decision trees and the results are reported in terms of surprise matrices. Though the botnets are detected using the above modes, the authors report that a further analysis of the data is necessary. Unsupervised testing of the model and expansion of the model for adaptation to other scenarios is proposed as future work. Summary of The Automatic Discovery, Identification and Measurement of BotnetsThe paper proposes a technique for identifying and measuring the botnets used to deliver malevolent email such as junk e-mail. The implementation and performance of the proposed technique has been presented. The authors are of the opinion that the existing methods for detecting botnets used to send email use significant amount of resources and are often applicable whole after a botnet has been operational over a period of time. The authors propose a passive method for identifying botnets by classifying the email marrow. The headers present in the emails are used to group the mails.The authors assume that a botnet has a central center for control and that the same program is used by a botnet for creating and direct spam emails. Based on these the authors propose to classify emails by a passive analysis of the header content present in them. The Plato algorithm is proposed to identify the sender and the program used to send the email. The performance of the Plato algorithm is analyzed based on the following factors clustering, durability, isolation and conflicts. The analysis is performed on a sample data containing 2. 3 million emails. In the dataset 96% emails are determine as having a probability of cosmos spam.The algorithm is observed to successfully reflect the features associated with spam email. It helps group the emails based on the characteristics of the sender and the sending program. This grouping of emails can help identify a botnet and thus enable the membership and size of the botnet. The authors propose that the algorithm can be further used for classifying bulk emails, to understand the relationship between spam and viruses and as a replacement for spam filters using statistical methods. Summary of Towards Practical Framework for roll up and Analyzing Network-Centric AttacksThe paper proposes a network-centric framework based on an awareness of risk of infection to help detect attacks from a botnet and prevent these attacks. The authors state that the bots follow certain network traffic patterns and these patterns can be used to identify a bot. The proposed framework consists of three main components, namely bot detection, bot characteristics and bot risks. The first component, bot detection, is used to detect known and mysterious bots that try to penetrate the system. A honeypot based malware collection system component is used to earn bots to the honeypot and thus help detect bots.After the bots have been detected the characteristics of the bots are analyzed. The behavior of bots and their characteristics are identified by analyzing known malware, network traffic patterns and detecting the existence of any correlation between respective(a) instances of a malware. Various components are used to perform each of the tasks involved in bot characterization. To determine the risks posed by bots, the vulnerabilities present in the existing system are identified. The risk posed by a host with certain characteristics is calculated based on the vulnerabilities associated with the system. Thus the risk factor can be modified on demand.A combination of the identified characteristics and the associated risks is evaluated when a decision regarding the blocking of traffic is made. The authors present results that picture the ability of the proposed framework to detect different types of bots. The feasibility of the proposed framework has been demonstrated. Enhancing of the correlation system and integration of the risk aware system with the architecture are proposed as future work. Summary of Wide-Scale Botnet Detection and Characterization The paper proposes a methodology based on passive analysis of the traffic flow data to detect and characterize botnets.A scalable algorithm that gives information about controllers of botnets is proposed based on analysis of data from the canalize layer. Four steps have been identified in the process of detecting botnet controllers. Suspicious behavior of hosts is identified and the conversations pertaining to this host are isolated for further evaluation. These are identified as suspected bots. Based on the records of suspected bots, the records that possible represent connections with a controller are isolated. This is referred to as candidate controller conversations in the paper.These candidate controller conversations are further analyzed to id entify suspected controllers of botnets. The analysis is based on calculating the following the number of unique suspected bots, distance between model traffic and the foreign server ports, heuristics that gives a score for candidates that are possible bot controllers. The suspected controllers are validated in three possible ways correlation with other available data sources, coordination with a customer for cogent evidence and validation of domain names associated with services (Karasaridis, Rexroad, & Hoeflin, 2007).The botnets are classified based on their characteristics using a analogy function. An algorithm is proposed for the same. The authors report the discovery of a large number of botnet controllers on using the proposed system. A fictitious positive of less than 2% is reported based on correlation of the detected controllers with other sources. withal the proposed algorithm is reported to successfully identify and malicious bots. The future work is identified as th e take up to expand the algorithm for other protocols and analysis of the evolution of botnets.References Akiyama, M. , Kawamoto, T. , Shimamura, M. , Yokoyama, T. , Kadobayashi Y. , & Yamaguchi, S. (2007). A proposal of metrics for botnet detection based on its cooperative behavior. proceeding of the 2007 International Symposium on Applications and the Internet Workshops. 82-85. Castle, I. , & Buckley, E. (2008). The automatic discovery, identification and measurement of botnets. proceedings of Second International league on Emerging Security Information, Systems and Technologies. 127-132. Karasaridis, A. , Rexroad, B., & Hoeflin, D. (2007). Wide-scale botnet detection and characterization. legal proceeding of the First Conference on First Workshop on Hot Topics in Understanding Botnets. 7-14. Mazzariello, C. (2008). IRC traffic analysis for botnet detection. Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Information Assurance and Security. 318-323. Paxton, N. , Ahn, G-J. , Chu, B. (2007). Towards practical framework for collecting and analyzing network-centric attacks. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration. 73-78.

Dickens novels Essay

Hard quantify was one of devil novels that focuses mainly on the education system and industrialisation. the Tempter was furious about the changes in industrialisation end-to-end the Victorian period and this motivated him enormously to write the novel. Industrialisation meant that working conditions were unforesightful and it had a massive impact on the way schools were run. Dickens hated Victorian schools he sawing machine the Victorian education system as boring and mo nononous and often wrote essays to show his anger and defeat at the government and those responsible for what he saw as the poor schooling techniques. Dickens creates Coketown in this novel and it is used as a representation of the government at that time and is liven as a perfect world for the fact haunt characters but the novel explores how this way of living is not healthy.Dickens suggests that facts become become a way of life, equivalent a religion, which was very unacceptable for that time because in the Victorian period people were especiall(a)y religious and that facts were taking over a religion would have been seen as disgustingDickens suggests that English towns around the industrialized era are ugly, polluted and debilitated, he suggests this because facts, repetition and the lack of individuality was taking over, one of the ways he achieves this is through his interpretation of coketown. Coketown suggests a very scary, dull and boring place, Dickens would have intended us to have this perception because this is how he saw the governments way of teaching and he wanted us to perceive it in the same way that he did. He also wanted us to see through his description how monotonous and unhealthy the town and way of life in that area had become.Dickens describes the school in this novel as bland, containing no creativeness, or embellishment, a framework built purely on facts and naive realism alone. The rooms consist of white-washed walls, stripped and advertise revealing th e actuality industry at the time. Dickens describes the rooms as plain, bare monotonous vault of a school-room. The word vault suggests the school-room takes the doubling of a jail cubicle bare, isolated, barred windows. Therefore this also suggests the pupils attending the school represent prisoners- influenced by the dictatorial rules and watchful core of Gradgrind. Their order is even arranged like prisoners, in a regular pattern, rows isolated evenly, closely monitored and not allowed to move.The rooms consist of white-washed walls, stript and bare revealing the actuality industry at the time. Dickens describes the rooms as plain, bare monotonous vault of a schoolOne of the main statements Dickens is trying to make throughout this novel is the obsession and repetitiveness of facts. The word fact is repeated so much that it feels like its cosmos shoved into the childrens heads. We hope to have, before long, a board of fact, composed of commissioners of fact, who will force t he people to be a people of fact and nothing but fact. This firstly shows that it is not effective Gradgrind that is obsessed with facts, it is the totally school implying the whole education system is like this. Also they wish for the facts to be forced upon all people as they are doing in the school. Dickens put Gradgrind across as forceful, having high standards, obsessed and full of facts and wishing every one of his pupils to be as smart as he is. Mr MChoakumchild is portrayed very similarly to Gradgrind, this gives the impression that all teachers of this time were like this.A character who is a representation for Dickens views is Gradgrind. He is used as a representation because he is made to be everything Dickens is against where education is concerned. Forming the minds of reasoning animals, Gradgrind is referring to the children as animals for testing out his way of education, he does not see them as human he sees them as animals that he needs to train to be just like hi m. However there are characters in the novel that challenge his way of teaching and try to be individual but Gradgrind sees this as wrong and tries to stop them and get them back in line. actuality industry at the time. Dickens describes the rooms as plain, bare monotonous vault of a school-room. The word vault suggests the school-room takes the image of a jail cell bare, isolated, barred windows. Therefore this also suggests the pupils attending the schooactuality industry at the time.Dickens describes the rooms as plain, bare monotonous vault of a school-room. The word vault suggests the school-room takes the image of a jail cell bare, isolated, barred windows. Therefore this also suggests the pupils attending the school represent prisoners- influenced by the oppressive rules and watchful eye of Gradgrind. Their order is even arranged like prisoners, in a regular pattern, rows spaced evenly, closely monitored and not allowed to move.One character who shows a contrast to the Victor ian education system is Sissy Jupe.She is accomplished and full of life, she curtsys to address to Gradgrind and this shows how cheerful and polite she is. You can tell sissy loves and see her father a lot from when she says its father calls me Sissy sir. Gradgrind tries to intimidate Sissy and because she is such a shy character Gradgrind easily embarrasses her with his intimidation she would have blushed deeper, is she could have blushed deeper This shows the healthy colour in her brass which represents how full of life she is and the fact she could have blushed deeper and deeper shows that she has so many different ideas and wonderful individuality that they just want to burst out of her as she is being made to keep them locked inside her.

Customer Is Always Right

A airs keeness to put guests first Important to reach a handicrafts objectives and goals Customer is the primary(prenominal) source of r even soue Important to follow the insurance indemnity in order to retain guests To retain associations image and reputation Avoid pretty public relation Avoid customer forsakeion Avoid law suits Leads to higher(prenominal) lucrativeness 10. Satisfied and happy customers depart promote your products or sound reflections 11. Having your customers as ambassadors help you expand your railway line quickly 12. Helps confederation to operate much than efficiently in vast run 13.Listening to complaints or feedbacks forget help a business to identify and ammend its weakness. 14. Customers whose complaints atomic number 18 attended to atomic number 18 much belike to be returning customers. 15. Lowers employees morale 16. Unfair to employees 17. Reduces a businesss profitabilty 18. Demanding customers be a waste of date and resour ces 19. Time used to serve with over-demanding customers jackpot quite be used for potential good ones instead. 20. Employees should be well fit out with training to improve customer service. 21. Customers who ar angry and unsatisfied go forth resort to a businesss rivals.Argument 2 Obtain higher profitability in the long term. Argument 3 It helps the business to operate more(prenominal) effectively in the future. Counter Argument 2 It creates dejected employees, lowers employees morale and motivation to work. Thesis narration Is is important for businesses to etern anyy set ab knocked out(p) the form _or_ system of government that the customer is reclaim because it depart retain a all toldiances image, uphold its reputation, leads to a higher profit and enables the business to operate more effectively. military issue condemnation 1 Retain a conjunctions image and reputation. Supporting statement 1) It provide be quicker to reach a businesss objectives and go als. ) Avoid unwanted situations much(prenominal) as proscribe publicity, desertion by customers and legal suits. Topic declare 2 Obtain higher profitability in the long term. Supporting statement 1) Customers whose complaints are attended efficiently will most likely be returning customers there will be brand loyalty. 2) Unhappy customers are most likely to secern their unsatisfaction to others and the business will take chances losing potential clients to their rivals. Topic Sentence 3 It helps the business to operate more effectively in the future. Supporting statement 1) Negative feedbacks suffer be used as shaping criticism for improvement. ) Customers will remain loyal if their feedbacks are taken into consideration and they will not defect to a businesss rival. Topic Sentence 4 Some customers are more troubles than they are worth. Supporting Statement 1) In the midst of run intoing customers, business profitablity will drop due to the learn to rectify problems and givecompensations. 2) Some customers are estimable wasting your period and resources. Topic Sentence 5 It creates upset employees Supporting statement 1) It lowers employees morale. 2) It lowers employees motivation to work. Refutation ) Although the policy will cause businesses to blow over more time and resources in dealing with demanding customers, it will garner higher customer loyalty and expand the consumer base. 2) Despite that the policy may create unhappiness among employees, it is their job to ensure that customer satisfaction lifts first above others. demonstration Thepolicy is important to all businesses because it not only generate higher net barely in addition maintain its image and reputation alongside to an effective opperation Topic Sentence 1 First of all, it will retain the beau monde image and reputation. ) It will forefend negative image of public relation. 2) Save greet as possible legal suits can be prevented. 3) Desertion by the custome rs can be avoided. *Topic Sentence 2 Second*ly*, it wil*l increase profitability. Supporting statement 1) Brand loyalty will exist and customer can be retained. 2) Happy customers will help to advertise and promote your company. 3) insatiate customers will persuade others to stop the purchase of goods and services from your company. Topic Sentence 3 However, maintaining this busine*ss policy will eventually makes *the employees unhappy.Supporting statement *Topic Sentence 4 In addition, *it gives abrasive customer an unsportsmanlike advantage. Supporting statement 1) Company is forced to compensate and this increase cost. 2) Similar incidents will happen once more if is not handled properly. At this point, one may wonder if we should maintain this policy or dispose it, but in order for a company to survive, this policy should be followed by every company to avoid profit declination and due to the reason that satisfying employees needs will eventually ignore the customer sati sfaction.Introduction In todays competitive world, a business must always sustain the policy that the consumer is right because it does not only retain a companys image and reputation, it also leads to higher profitability in the long term and helps the company to operate more efficiently in the future. *Topic Sentence 1 *The policy will retain and strengthen *a companys *image and reputation, reservation them a step quicker at reaching their objectives and goals. Supporting statement 1) mature customer service is important for a company to be different from others. ) Avoid unwanted situations such as negative publicity, desertion by customers and legal suits. *Topic Sentence 2 *It is undeniable that higher profits are obtained in the long term by these businesses as well. Supporting statement 1) Customers who have their complaints and suggestions attended efficiently are most likely to be your returning customers. 2) When a client becomes dissatisfied, you risk losing that bu siness plus potential business if negative comments about your company are passed along.Topic Sentence 3 It helps the business to operate more effectively in the future. Supporting statement 1) Negative feedbacks can be used as constructive criticism for improvement. 2) Customers will remain loyal if their feedbacks are taken into consideration and they will not defect to a businesss rival. Topic Sentence 4 Some customers are more troubles than they are worth. Supporting Statement 1) Company begins to suffer from having a foul seed on your client list and this will cause profit to drop. ) Some customers are just a waste of time because they will never be satisfied. Topic Sentence 5 It creates unhappy employees Supporting statement 1) It lowers employees morale. 2) It lowers employees motivation to work. Refutation 1) Although the policy will cause businesses to spend more time and resources in dealing with demanding customers, it will garner higher customer loyalty and expan d the consumer base. 2) Despite that the policy may create unhappiness among employees, it is their job to ensure that customer satisfaction comes first above others.In todays competitive world, a business must always have the policy that the consumer is right because it does not only retain a companys image and reputation, it also leads to higher profitability in the long term and helps the company to operate more efficiently in the future. cablees must be aware that their consumers are the essence of their company. Without consumers, the business would cease to exist. The phrase, The customer is always right can be explained as the trading policy that states a companys keenness to be seen to put customers first (Martin, 1996). It was originally coined byHarry Gordon Selfridge in 1909 and often used by businesses to convince customers that they will receive good service or convince employees to deliver good service. Many businesses argue that there are customers who are just plain wrong and chimerical while others are mostly just seeking advantage. However, in this received economic climate, companies cannot afford to neglect their customers wants and needs if they are planning to stay in business for the long term. Therefore, it makes perfect sense that the said policy encourages a companys growth despite sour employees morale and giving abrasive consumers an advantage.Businesses which implement the policy will retain and strengthen their image and reputation, making them a step quicker at reaching their objectives and goals. James Kocsi (2006) says, To be competitive, you need to analyze what makes your company different from others in your industry. Pricing and quality are always the key factors, but do not overlook the value of customer service. Clearly, this shows that customer service means delivering satisfaction to all your clients even if they are wrong or irrational.In short, your consumers are always right and this meant making an adjustment t o satisfy them even when your company is not at fault. It helps minimize negative image of public relation being passed virtually when customers are unsatisfied with your product or services, avoid desertion by them and most finally, save your company from the complications of possible legal suits (Witzel, 2005). It is undeniable that higher profits are obtained in the long term by these businesses as well. Customers who have their complaints and suggestions attended efficiently are most likely to be your returning customers.The policy indirectly creates brand loyalty among them and they become your product ambassadors. In Josh Halls (2009) view, engaging with unsatisfied customers and surpassing their expectations can frequently result in a positive business outcome from a potentially damaging situation. This can be done by sending a letter of apology or similar gestures to help solidify a positive impression in the customers eyes. Rombel (2004) points out that bad customer serv ice can cost you a long-time client. He added that the customer scorned is likely to tell everyone he knows about what happened to him.When a client becomes dissatisfied, you risk losing that business plus potential business if negative comments about your company are passed along. Witzel (2005) states that disgruntled consumers tend to defect to rival businesses. He suggests pass judgment responsibility than to argue with customers where responsibility lies. This is due to the fact that there is little profit earned and more damage being done regardless of whom is at fault. Besides that, business will operate more effectively in the future upon having the policy that the customer is always right.Rather than taking negative feedbacks as criticism, they should have the mindset that their customers are always right and use it for improvement to provide better products or services. Daud (2009) stated that pleasing customers is fundamental and it should be at the forefront of our minds when we work and gaining new ones as the ultimate incentive for improving service. He further explains that shoppers read reviews prior to making purchase decisions. Positive reviews are beneficial as a form of effective form of advertising while negative ones can be used as constructive criticism to fix weak areas. agree to Morisson (2008),complaints usually come from loyal customers, rather than disloyal ones. He added that loyal customers tell you what is wrong in the hope that it will improve the situation, so that they do not have to defect to your competitors, and it gives your business a valuable luck to identify and fix problems, make amends and retain a possibly lost business. Granted, the policy that the customer is right is vital to a businesss wellbeing but however, in reality, some customers are just more troubles than they are worth.There are times where a customer is not always right, especially if your company begins to suffer from having a bad seed on your client l ist (Brodsky & Mitchell, 2007). According to Brodsky and Mitchell, living by the policy may cause businesses to overlook or excuse a customers bad behavior due to the need to satisfy any client that pays. These customers are usually your regular clients, but despite attempts to rectify their dissatisfaction, they constantly complaint that you are not up to their expectations.This clearly gives abrasive customers an raw advantage, and as a result, the company will need to compensate them in terms of monetary, refunds, exchanges and discounts which will all lead to a lower profitability. Besides that, repetition of similar incidents will happen if it is not dealt with in a proper way. For example, Brown (2009) argues that bad customers are a waste of time and resources because the costs of component part them will outweigh the benefits you will receive from them. Furthermore, businesses need to decide if they are to side with a emanding and unreasonable customer or their loyal emplo yee. The act of trying to please your customers, even if they are at wrong, will create unhappy employees and this will eventually lead to lower morale and less motivation to work. Forcing employees to deal with obnoxious, unrealistic and abusive customers reduces morale (Brown, 2009). It gives employees a mentality that they are not valued by the company and they should not have any respect for the customers. She adds that, The time that you spend trying to satisfy the impossible customer decreases the benefits you can provide to the good ones.Your most demanding customers are not your profitable ones. Rewarding them reduces your resources without a return on investment. ING Direct, a finance institution, reported that there was a 45% of increase in profits between 2002 and 2003 when they started getting rid of overly demanding customers (Esfahani, 2004). Although the policy might cause a business to spend more time and resources in dealing with demanding customers, it has been pr oven that it garners higher customer loyalty and spectacularly expands consumer base.A survey conducted by Retail Council of Canada proved that store loyalty increases dramatically when customers enjoy a great shopping experience. This is because of the high likelihood of returning customers and those who spread their great shopping experiences to others will help elevate business sales (Retail Council of Canada, 2009). Kent (2004) points out that good customer service should be emphasised above all else, even when it comes to customers who may simply waste time with never-ending, pointless calls.He quoted that employees are employed to satisfy every customer and therefore, customer satisfaction comes first above all else. They should therefore be equipped with training programs to provide better services and deal with demanding customers effectively. In conclusion, the policy that the customer is right is a fundamental rule to all businesses because it retains a companys image an d reputation, leads to higher profitability in the long term and helps the company to operate more efficiently in the future. Brown, P. B. , 2009. Know When to Fire a Customer. New York Times, family line 16. Avaliable from http//www. proquest. com/ Accessed on October 16, 2009 Daud, N. , 2009. The Power of Online Customer Feedback. Available from http//www. businesswings. co. uk/articles/The-power-of-online-customer-feedback Accessed on October 18, 2009 Esfahani, E. , 2004. How To Get Tough With wild Customers. Business 2. 0, 5, no. 9 52. Available from Business Source Premier. Accessed on October 16, 2009 Hall, J. , 2009. How To Deal With Customer Complaints and Profit. substantial Business, internet Septenber 20.Available from http//www. realbusiness. co. uk/news/sales-and-marketing/5692676/how-to-deal-with-customer-complaints-and-profit. thtml Accessed on October 15, 2009 Kent, S. , 2004. When is enough, enough? Personnel Today. Available from http//www. proquest. com/ Ac cessed on October 18, 2009 Kocsi, J. , 2006. What Makes You Different from the Rest? NJBIZ, September 4. no. 3610. Martin, G. , 1996-2009. The customer is always right. Available from http//www. phrases. org. uk/meanings/106700. html. Accessed on October 15, 2009 Morrison, R. , 2008.Spinning Straw Into Gold bending Customer Feedback Into Business Success. Available from http//www. customerthink. com/article/spinning_straw_gold_turn_customer_feedback Accessed on October 18, 2009 Accessed on October 18, 2009 Rombel, A. , 2004. Who Says The Customer Is Always Right? Business Journal (Central New York) 18, no. 50 24. Available from Regional Business News Accessed on October 15, 2009 Witzel, M. , 2005. go for your relationship with clients afloat. FT. com, January 30. Available from http//www. proquest. com/ Accessed on October 15, 2009

FramptonHolis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

FramptonHolis - shew ExampleSubject to the scope of the exhibition and the limitation of time, the author had to change his plans and stay in Ohio for other day. This introduced an impromptu. He later learnt that the flight that would otherwise have taken him inbound from Minneapolis collided in midair over Staten Island with other aircraft (Frampton 49).The reading introduces the only survivor of the crash, a ten-year-old boy who fell two miles into the streets of Brooklyn (Frampton 49). The author presents the aspect of moving picturey by introducing a newspaper photograph of the survivor, which depicted a broken child, surrounded by ambulance attendants and police, lie on the pavement in front of the Pillar of Fire (Frampton 49). The author related that photograph and the impromptus with Edward Weston where he was wondering just like that many an(prenominal) photographers whether Weston tried to kill him or save his life. He claims that many photographers over the past thirt y or forty years encountered the same feeling (Frampton 49).The reading relates photography and the survival of the young boy with the aspect of sainthood where he claims that only a fewer hundred saints await in the world. The reading notes that the continued refusal to address one to questions about ones work derives the aspect of sainthood. Nevertheless, a few crazy saints like the Mark Rothko, Mechtild von Magdeburg, and Alban Berg, Mechtild exist (Frampton 50). Saints relate with artists and saints be of interest to everyone who seeks to join sainthood while Heresiarchs are chiefly of interest to other heresiarchs (Frampton 50). Furthermore, the reading asserts that if photography has produced a saint, then that saint must be Edward Weston who is a manly and businesslike saint like Ignatius Loyola (Frampton 50).The reading addresses photography by asserting that it is practicable to strip painting of everything but its own specification while it would seem impossible to str ip the photograph in

Visits to Career Centers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Visits to Career Centers - Essay ExampleThe authors have undertaken a few different techniques of research for this paper. A total of 277 postal questionnaires were sent protrude to the post participants of the wellness career shops. In the questionnaires, 15 out of the 68 questions related to the impact of the workshop on the career decision and the decision made by the respondents. These questionnaires were sent out in 2002. Following this, another set of similar questionnaires were sent out in 2005, to a total of 208 participants.Of the 2002 questionnaires, a total of 94 people responded and they were then invited to participate in a telephonic interview, to enable the authors gain as much information as possible about the career, physical body and the choice. The telephonic survey questionnaire was developed and designed to seek as much information about the cable and the career decisions made by the participants. It in like manner aimed at gaining the opinions of the partici pants about the effects of the attendance at the health career workshops. The researches were all conducted by the same person between November 2004 and December 2004.The findings of the research highlighted that almost 63 of the 70 people who attended the workshops were impacted to a great extent by the workshop. Their decision do was based on the workshop and helped them choose the right path for their career. A few of the respondents replied,The research also brought out different answers where the workshop had acted as a means for people to correct their career course and move into something which interested the respondents most. One of the responses reads I realised that health was not a career driveway for me. It made me realise that my interest lay in animal and not human health. some other one of the responses read, Even though I have not chosen a health career, the workshop made me aware of a career in general and discussed many options about tertiary education, which

Smoking and How to Quit Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Smoking and How to Quit - Assignment theoretical accountGathering designate can be time-consuming and hectic if the exploreer is not well steer on how to do it. Different patients require different study designs and methods of gathering register. Finding research evidence can be undertaken by using the 7 levels study types for evidence-based research. They complicate This study relies heavily on randomized control trial whereby smokers are randomized into different groups and each group receives a different treatment. At the end of the trial, the effects of the different treatments are measured. This cares to compare and decide on which treatment is the best. The evidence types found could be referred to other health professionals especially those pertaining to physical health and their professional opinions could be use in determining the best smoking terminus methods. Mostly the evidence found using systems research and summaries is usually very conclusive and could be use in determining the best nicotine usage cessation techniques. Extensive studies conducted could gather a lot of data concerning how many people have successfully managed to kick in a number of therapy clinics and which methods best worked for them. Some health team members that could be referred to with this evidence include cardiologists, psychologists, pulmonologists, probation workers, dermatologist, opticians and nephrologists (Funnel, 2008). These health professionals once they access the clinic system and analyze the data that has been collected will be suitable to give their professional opinion about the best quitting technique. Patients need to consult with their family members so that they can help in deciding which is the best method for smoking cessation, based on the evidence type used in research (Boyle, 2010). Involving the patients family members is important because it will help the patient to get good support from family members.

Insurance Theory and Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Insurance Theory and suffice - Essay ExampleRenewal rates were lower in 2006 than 2005 as the industry responds to greater rival from a number of sources. In addition, rates have stabilised because the industrys capital base has been restored thanks to intrinsic profits after a low level of catastrophes in 2006 and 2007. catastrophe stick tos A catastrophe bond issued through special purpose re damages vehicle (SPRV) is a specialized security that increases insurers ability to provide insurance protection by transferring the risk to bond investors.Industry loss warranty contract (ILW) Unlike handed-down reinsurance, where the reinsurer pays a portion of the primary companys losses according to an agreed upon formula, the ILW is triggered by an agreed-upon industry loss.Side machine Simple agreements that allow a reinsurer to transfer to another reinsurer or group of investors, such as hedgerow funds, a limited and specific risk, such as the risk of an earthquake or hurricane in a given geographic area over a specific period of time.Federal and State Catastrophe Funds Many are calling for government-backed programs to assume some of the financial risk associated with natural disasters. 1.4 Post-September 11 and Natural CatastrophesThe terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center accelerated premium rate higher and insurers started looking at accumulation-of-loss viewpoint in addition to traditional considerations, particularly in areas that may be terrorism targets. Hurricanes similarly have their toll on reinsurance. After Hurricane Andrewit it became clear that U.S. insurers had seriously underestimated the extent of their liability for property losses in a mega disaster. Reinsurers subsequently reassessed their position, which in turn caused primary companies to reconsider their catastrophe reinsurance needs.2. Reinsurance Reinsurance is a marrow by which an insurance company can protect itself against the risk of losses with other insurance compani es (Wikipedia). Individuals and corporations commence insurance policies to provide protection for various risks (hurricanes, earthquakes, lawsuits, collisions, sickness and death, etc.). Reinsurers, in turn, provide insurance to insurance companies.Reinsurance is a type of risk management involving transfer of risk from insurer to the reinsurer. What that reinsurer does is to provide insurance for the insurers on the bottom of a contract of indemnity. It works like this - the insurer gives the reinsurer a portion of the premium it collects from the insured and in return is covered for losses. A reinsurer enters into a